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“逐梦百年，科技领航”——兴农扶贫创奇迹_电脑报在?/title>
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“逐梦百年，科技领航”——兴农扶贫创奇迹
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【电脑报在线】——新中国农业科技和脱贫工作发展历?
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<p align="justify"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>中国是一个有着悠久农业历史的国家，上下五千年，农业在流淌的历史长河中都占有举足轻重的地位?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>新中国成立以来，党和国家高度重视农业科技发展，坚持科教兴农战略，科技在农业生产中推动作用日益增强?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></span></p><p align="center"><strong><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 18px;">从人力畜力到智慧农业</span></span></strong></p><p align="justify"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>?949年到现在，我国农业在科技创新体系、现代农业技术体系、生产装备以及发展战略上面都取得了显著的成绩?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>上世?0年代中叶开始，我国开始探索农业科技工作和农业生产结合的工作机制与体制，即持续的农业科技机制体制探索?/span></span></p><p align="justify" style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.l7consultores.com/pic/CX/2021/25/3/1.jpg" alt="" /><br /></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>在新中国成立前的北京、淮安、保定、济南等几个农业试验场的基础上，中央、省、地三级农业科研机构系统迅速建立起来?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">?949年到1960年，中国还和苏联进行了农业科学技术全面合作。合作的内容包括：聘请苏联顾问、专家，互派留学生，专家互访与交流，交换种子苗木、书刊资料、信息情报，引进畜牧、作物良种及农机具等?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>经历?0多年的发?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">，我国农业生产方式实现了从人畜力为主向机械作业为主的历史性跨越，目前全国农作物耕种收综合机械化率超?7%，在部分领域、部分环节逐步实现“机器换人”?/span></span></p><p align="justify" style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.l7consultores.com/pic/CX/2021/25/3/2.jpg" alt="" /><br /></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>?013年开始，国家在天津、上海、安徽三省市率先开展了物联网区域试验工程，对采集农业实时数据和物联网应用方面进行了探索?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><br /></span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2015年，随着大数据的战略地位提高，农业大数据也成为新焦点，年底，《农业部关于推进农业农村大数据发展的实施意见》发布?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2017年，农业部正式设立“数字农业”专项?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>现在?/span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">智能农机与机器人、无人机植保服务、农业物联网、植物工厂和农业大数据等板块占全球农业科技市场比例，分别都接近或超过三分之一</span></span></p><p align="justify" style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.l7consultores.com/pic/CX/2021/25/3/3.jpg" alt="" /><br /></p><p align="justify"><br /></p><p align="center"><strong><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 18px;">用农业科技击败饥饿威胁</span></span></strong></p><p align="justify"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>同样是在上世?0年代，在中国农业科技发展历程中产生划时代意义的人物登上了绚烂的舞台?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1953?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">，袁隆平走出?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">西南农学院（?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">西南大学</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">）?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">分配到湖南省怀化地区的安江农校任教?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">8年之后，</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">在农校试验田?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">发现了天然杂交水稻。而这也开启了中国未来粮食产量将迎来飞速增长的大门?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>在农校任教期间，也正是中国面临大饥荒，袁隆平立志：“要</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">用农业科学技术击败饥饿威?/span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">。?/span></span></p><p align="justify" style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.l7consultores.com/pic/CX/2021/25/3/4.jpg" alt="" /><br /></p><p align="justify" style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 18px;">1964年，袁隆平在安江农校实习农场洞庭早籼稻田?/span></span></strong></p><p align="justify"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 18px;"> </span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1975年研制成功杂交水稻制种技术，从而为大面积推广杂交水稻奠定了基础 ?985年提出杂交水稻育种的战略设想，为杂交水稻的进一步发展指明了方向?/span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">?/span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">?/span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">?/span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">袁隆平提出了杂交水稻的育种战?/span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1997年，袁隆平开始了“中国超级杂交水稻”的研究。这是一道世界级难题，通过攻关研究?000年已实现了第一期大面积示范亩产700公斤的指?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2019年，袁隆?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">接受采访时表示：“全世界?.6亿公顷的稻田，如果其中一半种上杂交稻，每公顷增产2吨，每年增产的粮食可以多养活5亿人口。”他</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">更是</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">希望</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">“让我们的杂交稻走出国门，为全世界解决粮食短缺问题作贡献。?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>科技的伟大，也从一组数据得到了印证：上世纪80年代改革开放以来，中国以有限的耕地养话了占全世?2％的人口，取得了令世人瞩目的成就?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><br /></p><p align="center"><strong><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 18px;">脱贫攻坚正当?/span></span></strong></p><p align="justify"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>进入新时期，科技兴农又在不断被赋予新的使命?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2015?1?3日，中共中央政治局审议通过?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">》?1?7日至28日，中央扶贫开发工作会议在北京召开。中共中央总书记习近平强调，消除贫困、改善民生、逐步实现共同富裕，是社会主义的本质要求，是中国共产党的重要使命?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2017?0?8?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">，习近平主席</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">在党的十九大报告?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">首次</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">提出乡村振兴战略?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">指出</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">农业农村农民问题是关?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">国计民生</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">的根本性问题，必须始终把解决好?/span><a ><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">三农</span></a><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">”问题作为全党工作的重中之重，实施乡村振兴战略?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>打赢脱贫攻坚战，实施乡村振兴战略，是解决新时代我国社会主要矛盾、实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标和中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的必然要求，具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>在这个没有硝烟的战场，科学技术起着至关重要的支撑作用?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>在乡村振兴的战略指导下，各地政府<span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">组织专家和农技人员开展科技扶贫，帮扶和培育双发力，将特色资源变为特色产品，将特色产品变成特色产业，全面助力脱贫攻坚，科技扶贫成效明显?nbsp;</span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>?017年以?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">，国家还</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">创新性地通过政府购买服务方式实施农技服务特聘计划，直接从“土专家”“田秀才”和种养能手中招募农技服务人员，精准服务农民需求、解决生产技术难题、带领贫困农户脱贫致富?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>农业农村部还</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">?/span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">探索</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">的模式，</span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);">建立产业技术顾问制度，解决贫困地区在产业选择、政策咨询、科研攻关、技术服务等产业全链条的发展难题。指导组?100多个扶贫专家组，在广大贫困地区送品种、送技术、送服务，努力做到“缺什么补什么”?nbsp;</span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2021??5日，?/span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">全国脱贫攻坚总结表彰大会上，</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">习近平总书记庄严宣告，经过全党全国各族人民共同努力，在迎来中国共产党成立一百周年的重要时刻，我国脱贫攻坚战取得了全面胜利，现行标准?899万农村贫困人口全部脱贫，832个贫困县全部摘帽?2.8万个贫困村全部出列，区域性整体贫困得到解决，完成了消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务，创造了又一个彪炳史册的人间奇迹！这是中国人民的伟大光荣，是中国共产党的伟大光荣，是中华民族的伟大光荣！</span></span></p><p align="justify" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><img src="http://www.l7consultores.com/pic/CX/2021/25/3/5.jpg" alt="" /><br /></span></span></p><p align="justify" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: SimSun; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);"><img src="http://www.l7consultores.com/pic/CX/2021/25/3/6.jpg" alt="" /><br /></span></span></p>
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